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Mainz Cathedral was begun around 975 under Archbishop Willigis and largely completed by 1036 after a fire on its 1009 dedication day. Built mainly in Romanesque style with later Gothic chapels, the red sandstone cathedral is dedicated to St Martin and ranks among the three Kaiserdome of the Holy Roman Empire.
St. Christoph's Church stands beside Mainz Cathedral as a preserved ruin. Built in Gothic style in the 13th and 14th centuries, it was the church where printer Johannes Gutenberg was baptised. Allied bombing destroyed the roof and interior in 1942, leaving only the outer walls and tower, now maintained as a war memorial with a small chapel inside.
St. Stephan's Church stands on Mainz's highest hill, founded by Archbishop Willigis around 990; the present Gothic hall church was built between about 1267 and 1340. Its choir holds nine stained-glass windows made by Marc Chagall between 1978 and 1985 in shades of blue.
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